Ghost Multicasting :: essays research papers

Phantom Multicasting permits one PC, the Ghost Server, to download a Ghost picture from the Server and afterward diverts the picture to different workstations, the Ghost Clients, using TCP/IP settings over the system. The primary bit of leeway of Ghost Multicasting is that the downloading time is very abbreviated as just a single PC is downloading the picture off the Server which significantly diminishes the danger of substantial system traffic. The main impediment is that the PC picked to be the Ghost Server must have enough free hard drive space to store the picture which will at that point be redistributed. The Two Methods Of Ghost Multicasting. Physically Specified Ghost Multicast †Utilizing this strategy you need to physically appoint novel IP addresses for the Client PCs by utilizing and arranging the wattcp.cfg record situated on each Clients’ boot circle. Naturally Specified Ghost Multicast †This subsequent strategy is by utilizing Windows NT to naturally dole out IP delivers to the Client PCs by the utilization of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, or DHCP, remembered for Windows NT ver. 4.00. Physically Specified Ghost Multicasting: Setting Up Ghost Server Disk 1. Set up a boot circle that incorporates and stacks the vital system drivers and maps the plate pictures registry from the system. 2. Duplicate over the DOS Ghost Server program (dosghsrv.exe) to a similar plate and add it to the autoexec.bat document. 3. Duplicate over the wattcp.cfg record to the plate and change the IP Address, Subnet Mask and Gateway as per arrange. (An exceptional IP Address ought to be distributed for the Server PC) Setting Up Client Disks 1. Get ready boot circles in a similar request for the server boot plate however duplicate over ghost.exe rather than dosghsrv.exe. 2. Alter the wattcp.cfg and include a novel IP Address for each boot plate. (Generally IP Addresses would have been set up before for the particular utilization of distinguishing apparition customer PCs) Ghosting Client PCs 1. Burden up the PC which will go about as the Ghost Server with the Server Boot Disk and burden dosghsrv.exe from the DOS order brief. 2. Type in a Session Name and select the Image File from the circle pictures index on the system. 3. Start up Client PCs with the remarkable Boot Disks and burden ghost.exe. From the Ghost Server, you should see the IP Addresses of the Clients show up in the window as every Client PC stacks the Ghost program. 4. When each Client PCs’ IP Address can be found in the Ghost Server window, you can choose them all by tapping on Accept Clients.

Prosecution Versus Defense free essay sample

There are notable individuals in the antagonistic framework utilized through the United States. The safeguard counsel alluded to as the resistance lawyer, renders benefits in the interest of the prosecuted and displays legitimate protection for the customer, and quest for lawful support when fitting. The other portion of the safeguard counsel is the examiner. Indicting lawyers is an operator for general society, ideally not individualized individuals, and in degree is responsible for giving and presenting the state case confronting respondents in criminal and common court (Meyer amp; Grant, 2003). The capacity of the investigator essentially pivots around guaranteeing that blame doesn't go unpunished, the undertaking of the guard lawyer encompasses the need to guarantee that the lawfully honest are not seen as blameworthy and that the authority of the state has an antagonistic partner to ensure some degree of trustworthiness is spoken to for people. Both the investigator and the barrier lawyer are skilled of taking care of adequate prudence inside their legitimate obligations. We will compose a custom article test on Arraignment Versus Defense or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The investigator could be considered to have fitting abilities at their accessibility which highlight less limitations contrasted with the discretional capacities of the resistance lawyer. The investigator handles plenteous circumspection in concluding whether to initially pursue a case and promptly charge the blamed. They may discover what to offer the safeguard when a request deal is settled and have the ability to drop and re-document charges when it is fitting to do as such. Investigators might be occupied with level arraignment or where there are a few examiners might be relegated to the case all through each lawful stage, or vertical indictment, where there will be a solitary investigator finishing the case each legitimate stage (Meyer amp; Grant, 2003). There are numerous parts to the obligations of the resistance lawyer. While speaking to the denounced all through the case, they may participate in different exercises which may in the long run influence the final product of the case. A few exercises incorporate legitimately instructing the respondent on what course with respect to move they should make so to have a palatable decision, speaking to their customer at court appearances, keeping customer lawyer secrecy and furthermore significant preparing for their customer guard. The indictment has the assignment of demonstrating the blame of the respondent past a sensible uncertainty, and the safeguard isn't required to build a resistance typically do as such (Meyer amp; Grant, 2003). The examiner has more administrative work than the barrier lawyer. The examiner works all the more intimately with law authorization when social affair subtleties and proof for the argument against the blamed.

The Impact of Bipolar Disorder on Sex

The Impact of Bipolar Disorder on Sex Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania and Hypomania Print The Impact of Bipolar Disorder on Sex By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 01, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 03, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Deux / Stone / Getty Images Sex is an important part of most of our lives and no less so for people living with bipolar disorder. But maintaining a healthy sexual relationship when bipolar can be as complex as the disease itself. Depending on the individual, behaviors can swing from periods of excessive sexuality to ones where sexual libido and function are seriously diminished. This high level of variability can impact a persons ability to date or maintain a long-term relationship. On the one hand, the impulsivity associated with bipolar mania can fuel unhealthy and even hurtful behaviors, while the rigors of depression can strain even the most committed relationships. Mania and Hypersexuality Hypersexuality is one of the behaviors that may manifest as a symptom of mania.?? It is defined as the increased need for sexual gratification, characterized by lowered inhibitions and/or the desire for forbidden sex. It is not unusual for people to experience a heightened sense of sexuality during a manic episode. In and of itself, this is not a problem. It is when it is paired with impulsivity, risk-taking, poor judgment, and expansivenessâ€"all features of bipolar maniaâ€"that hypersexuality can be destructive. When the pursuit of sex becomes compulsive, it may even be classified as a sex addiction.?? While the classification is still considered controversial, a person is said to have an addiction when he or she spends inordinate amounts of time in sexual-related activity to the point where important social, occupational, or recreational activities are neglected. Characteristics of sex addiction may include:Compulsive masturbationCompulsive sex with sex workersAnonymous sex with multiple partnersMultiple affairs outside a committed relationshipFrequent patronizing of sexually-oriented establishmentsHabitual exhibitionismHabitual voyeurismInappropriate sexual touching While hypersexuality and sex addiction are not inherent facets of bipolar mania, it is important to recognize the signs. Not only might like these behaviors hurt otherwise stable relationships, but they can also place the individual at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections and other harms. As such, finding the right combination of medications to control mania is considered essential to keeping hypersexuality from becoming destructive. Depression and Loss of Sexual Function Depression can kill the sex drive. And its not just the mood disorder itself that contributes to this; the very drugs used to treat depression can stifle libido and a persons ability to sexually function.?? People with bipolar disorder will sometimes go for months or even years with little to no interest in sex. This makes either pursuing or sustaining a relationship all the more difficult. Depression, by its very nature, fuels feelings of inadequacy and self-blame that translates to how one feels about sex in general. Bipolar disorder can challenge sexual relationships in a number of distinct ways: The bipolar person will often feel physically unattractive and undesirable.Lack of hygiene and grooming will often accompany these feelings.Feelings of inadequacy, vulnerability, and worthlessness interfere with intimacy.Exhaustion can make even the pursuit of sex emotionally and physically draining.The less sex a person has, the more he or she may feel guilt and self-doubt.Certain medications used to treat bipolar disorder (particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs) can decrease a persons sexual desire and/or ability to achieve an orgasm or erection. A lack of sexual interest is only one of the possible consequences of bipolar depression. In some cases, a person will behave in just the opposite manner, exhibit symptoms of hypersexuality as a means to compensate for these negative feelings. While treating bipolar depression must always remain the primary focus, it doesnt necessarily have to be the detriment of ones libido. There are ways to manage the sexual side effects of bipolar drugs without compromising treatment. By and large, SSRIs have not been found to be particularly effective for bipolar disorder. Mood stabilizers like lithium, Depakote (valproic acid), and Lamictal (lamotrigine) are considered more effective and typically have fewer sexual side effects.

Netflix Is An International Internet Streaming Network Essay

Introduction Netflix is an international Internet streaming network that allows its’ viewers to stream shows and movies from anywhere, anytime on any internet-connected device. Netflix was founded in 1997 in California as an online DVD rental company. Today, Netflix has nearly 69 million members worldwide. (Netflix, 2015) Strategy Netflix’s main HR strategy is to only higher the â€Å"fully-formed adults† who take responsibility for their performance and â€Å"act in the best interest of the company.† (Kamensky, 2014) In order to attract the most talented employees, Netflix offers wages that are up to 30% above the market rate. (Wetherbee, 2012) By defining the culture in their organization, Netflix’s HR department virtually eliminates the â€Å"formal policies† that most companies spend infinite amount of time writing and enforcing. (Kamensky, 2014) Instead, Netflix encourages managers creating strong teams that yield high performance. (Kamensky, 2014) Netflix completely eliminated the formal individual performance reviews. Alternatively, Netflix requested managers and employees to have open and honest performance conversations. (Kamensky, 2014) The leaders of the company believe that well-defined culture of the organization helps employees to â€Å"understand the levers that drive the business.† (Kamensky, 2014) Furthermore, Netflix believes that in business world, it is important to â€Å"think like business people and innovators first and like HR people last.† (Kamensky, 2014) With no officialShow MoreRelatedNetflix And The Movie Rental Industry838 Words   |  4 PagesBefore becoming a force in the movie streaming and internet TV industry, Netflix was originally in the movie rental industry. With competitors such as Blockbuster, Hollywood Entertainment and Redbox, Netflix rose to be the leading Internet provider for Internet television and streaming thus forcing Blockbuster and Hollywood Entertainment out of business. With the transformation of consumer viewing in the American television industry, Netflix has over 75 million members who stream more than 125Read MoreBus 451 Business Strategy And Policy1623 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment # 1 on NETFLIX, Inc. Submitted to: Professor Dr. Joel Reichart School of Business Management Degree Program Subject: BUS 451 Business Strategy Policy Berkeley College Submitted By: Brittany O’Brien Date of Submission: 5 April 2016 Student Name: Brittany O’Brien Company Name: Netflix Inc. Industry: Video Tape and Disc Rental NAICS code: 532230 Market: NASDAQ Global Select Market Symbol: NFLX Revenue (Latest YR): $6,779,510,000 Company Profile: Netflix, Inc. is a U.S. basedRead MoreGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles and Dish Network Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pages2008: Netflix and Blockbuster Battle for Market Leadership 2. What forces are driving changes in the movie rental industry and are the combined impacts of these driving forces likely to be favorable or unfavorable in term of their effects on competitive intensity and future industry profitability? -The economy is one of the reasons why rental industry went down. 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It was Hasting’s idea when he was forced to pay overdue charges on a videotapeRead MoreNetflix : The Company And International Strategy1599 Words   |  7 Pagescompany and international strategy Netflix, an internet television network that is revolutionizing the way we watch TV series and movies without having to leave the comfort of our couch has over 50 million subscribers in more than 40 countries. Netflix followed a very well structured International strategy by planning their mission statement which is mainly directed to end users. â€Å"For one low monthly price, Netflix members can watch as much as they want, anytime, anywhere, on nearly any Internet-connectedRead MoreNetflix: The Leader in Movie Streaming Essays588 Words   |  3 PagesThe last two years have transformed Netflix from a mainstream DVD rental provider to an online movie streaming leader, ahead of relative newcomers such asAmazon, Dish Network’s Blockbuster and Comcast’s Xfinity Streampix. Our current price estimate for Netflix stands at $96, implying a premium of about 50% to the market price. Our thesis is centered around Netflix’s lead in streaming domestically and its international prospects. Netflix has been making efforts to re-build its image and turnaroundRead MoreThe Management Of The Walt Disney Company1736 Words   |  7 PagesCompany, together with its subsidiaries, operate s as an entertainment company worldwide. The company’s Media Networks segment operates cable programming services, including the ESPN, Disney channels, and Freeform networks; broadcast businesses, which include the ABC TV Network and eight owned television stations; radio businesses consisting of the ESPN Radio Network; and the Radio Disney network. It also produces and sells original live-action and animated television programming to first-run syndicationRead MoreNetflix Is The World s Leading Internet Television Network1269 Words   |  6 PagesAlex Lee As mentioned by the Netflix CEO, Reed Hastings, the core of the company’s business is providing DVD by mail and streaming. Netflix incorporation is in the business of providing on-demand internet streaming entertainment and providing DVD media by mail to many parts of the world. Netflix is the world’s leading internet television network with fifty million members among forty countries such as North America, South America, United Kingdom, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Netherlands, Denmark, andRead MoreE Commerce Web Design1619 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' INTRODUCTION In many ways, Netflix is an amazing company to analyze. By being disruptive, the company has changed drastically the disc rental business and the streaming industry. In addition, the ecommerce business model Netflix has developed was one of a kind, focusing mainly on the consumer’s needs and experience. Now, it might seem obvious that ecommerce marketers should focus on these aspects but at the time it was a first. If one is not convince that Netflix is an online retailer like noRead MoreNetflix Is The Best For Netflix Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesNetflix Content Netflix buys the rights to license content for its video on demand streaming service. Companies allow Netflix to license their content for a specific amount to time, and can only be utilized by Netflix for the agreed amount of time. Securing licensing agreements with TV networks, filmmakers, and other content owners is arguably the greatest expense for Netflix. For example, the company spent nearly $200 million in 2011 for access to Disney films and TV programming for a one-year period

The On Long Term Economic Growth - 1768 Words

The government of Australia intends on focusing on long term economic growth specifically in relation to small business. The purpose of this report is to understand and analyses how the 1.5% tax cut on small business actually impacts or will potentially impact (positively or negatively) the economy. In relation to this topic, microeconomic theories have been used to gain an insight. For this purpose, most data have been collected from secondary sources like literature reviews, journal article, government websites, other websites etc. The limitation of this report is that it is not possible to acquire information on all current and future possible scenarios constraining our scope. It also does not cover the macroeconomic aspect of the†¦show more content†¦Incorporated companies can reap the benefit by paying only 28.5% tax while unincorporated small business get the benefit by a 5% discount on their income capped at $1000 a year. In order to fully comprehend the extend of benefit this has on business, employees, individuals and consumer we need to first understand what encompasses small business. ABS defines small business as one that employees less than 20 people. Sole proprietorships and partnership, with or without employees and micro business also count as small business. In 2013-2014, small business accounted for 33.1 % of total industry value added in Australian economy. Compared to larger business, small business have tax disadvantage because their growth is hundred percent funded by internal sources and also it has no total control over its price and profit. This paper considers the microeconomic approach to analyse the impact of small business tax cut so that we are able to understand how taxes affect the behaviour of individual firms operating in the industry. Purpose: In this report we will be analysing how tax cut as a factor impacts individual firms and their decisions concerning production, profit, investment, price and consumption of consumers. Also we will analyse the risk factors involved in making such tax cut decisions Rational of report: The main rational for preparation of this report is to understand the true extent of the effect of

Succubus Revealed Chapter 4 Free Essays

â€Å"But I don’t know what it is I’m doing!† I cried. â€Å"Do you?† â€Å"I’ve told you all I can for now,† said Carter, that sadness returning. â€Å"The most I can do now is buy you a drink. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Revealed Chapter 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † I shook my head. â€Å"I don’t think there’s enough whiskey in the world.† â€Å"There isn’t,† he said bleakly. â€Å"There isn’t.† Despite Carter’s pessimism, I still tried calling Hugh to see if he knew anything. He didn’t, but his incredulity was so similar to mine that I took some comfort in it. â€Å"What? That’s ridiculous,† he told me. â€Å"It was a mistake. It has to be.† â€Å"Will you try to get ahold of Jerome for me?† I asked. â€Å"I mean, I’ll keep trying too, but maybe if we’re both calling, he’ll eventually notice the phone.† Even though it was still early for the demon, I also had this strange feeling that he could very well be avoiding my calls if something was afoot. Hugh might sneak in where I couldn’t. I was fast approaching the time when I was supposed to meet Seth at the twins’ school. I had wanted to run home and try talking to Roman about my potential transfer, but it didn’t seem as important now, not until I had the story confirmed or denied by Jerome. So, after a few more errands that seemed hopelessly mundane compared to the greater supernatural workings of the universe, I drove up to Lake Forest Park and arrived at the school just as Seth did. Ian got out of the car too, and Seth flashed me a quick look that said he wasn’t thrilled about having brotherly company. Ian was wearing the jacket Seth had mentioned, a brown wool peacoat that fit him well enough to be tailored and had strategically placed patches meant to give it a vintage appearance. Ian completed the look with a carefully knotted striped scarf and fedora. He also had on glasses, which I’d seen no sign of at Seth’s. â€Å"I didn’t know you wore glasses,† I told him. He sighed. â€Å"They go with the scarf.† Seth was carrying two huge containers of white-frosted cupcakes that were liberally and sloppily dusted with green and red sparkles. I took one batch from him and walked inside with the brothers, where we signed in and were given directions to the classroom. â€Å"Looks like you were productive,† I said with a smile. â€Å"No thanks to Mom,† Seth replied fondly. â€Å"It took her forever to leave. She kept offering to help and double-check my work, make sure the oven was set and all that. It was a boxed mix. There wasn’t that much I could mess up.† Ian muttered something about preservatives and high fructose corn syrup. The classroom was pleasant, organized chaos. Other parents and family friends were there to help with the party, distributing food and running games. The twins ran up to the three of us with quick, fierce hugs before scurrying off to play with their friends. I didn’t see Morgan and McKenna outside of the family very often, so it was neat to watch them so active and outgoing with their peers. They charmed their friends as much as they charmed me, and it was clear the two girls were leaders of sorts. Tiny, adorable blond leaders. The knot I’d carried inside me since getting the HR memo began to soften as I allowed myself the small joy of observing them. Seth slipped an arm around me, following my gaze as we maintained our post near the food table. He nodded toward where Ian was trying to pitch his own cupcakes – organic, vegan, gluten-free creations from a local bakery – to some of the twins’ classmates. To be fair, the cupcakes were beautiful. They were vanilla, topped with elaborately swirled chocolate icing that was in turn adorned with perfect white frosting flowers. They made Seth’s cupcakes look like something the girls might have made, but I knew better than to be fooled. When you made cupcakes without most of the ingredients found in traditional baked goods, the truth came out in the taste. Pretty or not, Ian wasn’t doing so good a job moving them. â€Å"These are so much better for you than all this other junk food,† Ian was telling a wide-eyed boy named Kayden. Despite the fact we’d been inside the warm classroom for almost an hour, Ian was still completely clad in his scarf and wool coat ensemble. â€Å"They’re made with brown rice flour and garbanzo bean flour and sweetened with maple syrup – none of that processed white sugar crap.† Kayden’s eyes grew impossibly bigger. â€Å"Those have beans and rice in them?† Ian faltered. â€Å"Well, yes . . . but, no, I mean. It’s flour derived from those ingredients in a way that’s totally fair trade and nutritious. Plus, I picked a brown and white color scheme, not only to save you from artificial dyes but also to show respect for all holidays and tradition, rather than giving into the mainstream domination of the Judeo-Christian machine.† Without another word, Kayden grabbed a red-frosted snowman cookie from the snack table and wandered off. Ian gave us a long-suffering look. â€Å"I fear for today’s youth. At least we can take the leftovers back to Terry’s.† â€Å"We’d better,† said Seth. â€Å"Those cost me a small fortune.† â€Å"You mean they cost me a small fortune,† said Ian. â€Å"They’re my contribution.† â€Å"I paid for them!† â€Å"It was just a loan,† said Ian imperiously. â€Å"I’ll pay you back.† The party didn’t last too much longer – seven-year-olds didn’t need to slam drinks for hours like my friends did – but I still kept checking my phone whenever Seth wasn’t watching. I had it set to vibrate in my pocket but was afraid I would miss Jerome’s call. But no matter how many times I looked, the phone’s display remained the same. No incoming calls or texts. With things winding down, McKenna made her way back to me and wrapped herself around my leg. â€Å"Georgina, are you going to come to our house tonight? Grammy’s cooking. We’re going to have lasagna.† â€Å"And cupcakes,† piped in Ian, carefully packing up his goods. By my estimation, he’d given away exactly one cupcake, and that was to a boy who’d taken it on a dare from his friends. I lifted McKenna up, surprised at how big she was getting. The years didn’t alter my immortal friends or me, but mortals changed by leaps and bounds in such short time periods. She wrapped her arms around me, and I pressed a kiss into her blond curls. â€Å"I wish I could, baby. But I have to work tonight.† â€Å"Are you still helping Santa?† she asked. â€Å"Yes,† I said solemnly. â€Å"And it’s very important work. I can’t miss it.† Without me, there was no telling how sober Santa would stay. McKenna sighed and leaned her head against my shoulder. â€Å"Maybe you’ll come over when you’re done.† â€Å"You’ll be in bed,† I said. â€Å"I’ll see what I can do for tomorrow.† This earned me a tighter hug, and I felt my heart ache. The girls always had this effect on me, triggering a mix of emotion that was both love for them and regret for the children I myself would never have. Children had been something I’d wanted as a mortal, something denied to me even then. The pain of that reality had been driven home last year when Nyx, a primordial chaos entity, had visited me in my sleep and used tantalizing dreams to distract me while she stole my energy. The one that had recurred the most had shown me with a little girl – my own daughter – stepping outside into a snowy night to greet her father. He’d been shadowy at first, later revealed as Seth. Nyx, in a desperate bid for help later, had sworn the dream was true, a prophecy of things to come. It had been a lie, however. An impossibility that could never be mine. â€Å"Maybe you’ll come by my house after you’re done with work,† Seth said to me in a low voice, once she’d wriggled away. â€Å"That depends,† I said. â€Å"Who’s going to be in your bed?† â€Å"We had a talk. He knows to stay out of my room.† I smiled and caught hold of Seth’s hand. â€Å"I would, but I’ve got some things to do tonight. I’ve got to hunt down Jerome about . . . business.† â€Å"You’re sure that’s it?† he asked. â€Å"You’re sure my family’s not scaring you off?† I’ll admit, I didn’t relish the thought of seeing Margaret Mortensen’s disapproving gaze, but I also couldn’t imagine I’d be very good company for Seth if I still didn’t know what was going on with my transfer by tonight. The transfer. Looking into his kind, warm eyes, I felt a pit open in my stomach. Maybe I should be jumping at every chance I could get to be with him. Who knew how many more we had? No, I scolded myself. Don’t think like that. Tonight you’ll find Jerome and clear up this mess. Then you and Seth can be happy. â€Å"Your family has nothing to do with it,† I assured Seth. â€Å"Besides, now that you have extra help, you can use your free time to get some work done.† He rolled his eyes. â€Å"I thought self-employment meant not having a boss.† I grinned and kissed him on the cheek. â€Å"I’ll come by tomorrow night.† Kayden, passing by for one last cookie, caught sight of my kiss and scowled disapprovingly. â€Å"Ew.† I parted ways with the Mortensens and headed off to the mall. It was often a surprise to mortals to learn immortals like me purposely chose to take day jobs, so to speak. If you were around for a few centuries and semiwise with your money, it wasn’t that hard to eventually build up enough to comfortably live off of, making human employment unnecessary. Yet, most immortals I knew still worked. Correction – most lesser immortals I knew did. Greater ones, like Jerome and Carter, rarely did, but maybe they already had too concrete of a job with their employers. Or, maybe, lesser immortals just carried over the urge from when we were human. Regardless, days like today were clear reminders of why I chose gainful employment. If I’d had nothing but free time on my hands, I would’ve spent the rest of the day ruminating about my fate and the potential transfer. Assisting Walter-as-Santa – as absurd as it was – at least gave me a distraction while I waited to hear from Jerome. Vocation gave purpose too, which I’d found was necessary to mark the long days of immortality. I’d met lesser immortals who had gone insane, and most of them had done nothing but drift aimlessly throughout their long lives. A new elf – one whom Walter had christened Happy – had joined our ranks today, one who was certainly helping pass the time if only because of how much she was grating on my nerves. â€Å"I don’t think he should be drinking at all,† she said, for what felt like the hundredth time. â€Å"I don’t see why I have to learn this schedule.† Prancer, a veteran elf, exchanged glances with me. â€Å"None of us is saying it’s right,† he told Happy. â€Å"We’re just saying it’s reality. He’s going to get a hold of liquor one way or another. If we deny him, he’ll sneak it in the bathroom. He’s done it before.† â€Å"If we’re the ones giving it to him,† I continued, â€Å"then we control the access and amount he gets. This?† I gestured to the schedule we’d drawn up. â€Å"This isn’t much. Especially for a guy his size. It’s not even enough to get buzzed.† â€Å"But they’re children!† Happy cried. Her eyes drifted off toward the long line of families trailing through the mall. â€Å"Sweet, innocent, joyful children.† Another silent message passed between Prancer and me. â€Å"Tell you what,† I finally said. â€Å"Why don’t you make them your priority. Forget about the liquor schedule. We’ll handle that. You go trade places with Bashful at the head of the line. She doesn’t really like working with the public anyway.† When Happy was out of earshot, I remarked, â€Å"One of these days, someone’s going to report us all to the mall’s HR office.† â€Å"Oh, they have plenty of times,† said Prancer, smoothing out his green spandex pants. â€Å"I’ve worked with Walter for three years now, and Happy’s not the first elf to have moral qualms about Santa getting lit. He’s been reported lots.† That was news to me. â€Å"And they haven’t fired him?† â€Å"Nah. It’s harder to fill these jobs than you might think. As long as Walter doesn’t touch or say something inappropriate, the mall doesn’t seem to care.† â€Å"Huh,† I said. â€Å"Good to know.† â€Å"Georgina!† Beyond the gates leading to Santa’s pavilion, I saw someone waving at the edge of the crowd. Hugh. My heart rate sped up. This mall was actually right around the corner from his office, so he’d come by before for lunch. In light of recent events – and the look on his face – something told me he wasn’t here for a casual meal today. â€Å"Hey,† I said to Prancer. â€Å"Can I take my break now?† â€Å"Sure, go for it.† I cut through the crowd and met up with Hugh, trying not to feel self-conscious about wearing the foil dress. Hugh had come from the office and was dressed impeccably, playing up the role of successful plastic surgeon. I felt cheap beside him, especially as he and I walked farther from the holiday mayhem toward some of the mall’s more upscale shops. â€Å"I was on my way home from work and thought I’d stop by,† he said. â€Å"I figured you weren’t taking many calls while on the job.† â€Å"Not so much,† I agreed, gesturing to the tight dress and its lack of pockets. I caught hold of his arm. â€Å"Please tell me you heard something. The transfer’s a mistake, right?† â€Å"Well, I still think it is, but no, I haven’t heard anything back yet – not from HR or Jerome.† He frowned slightly, clearly not liking the lack of communication. Underneath that, I also sensed another emotion in him – nervousness. â€Å"I’ve got something else for you. Can we talk somewhere . . . kind of private? Is there a Sbarro or Orange Julius around here?† I scoffed. â€Å"Not in this mall. There’s a sandwich place we can go to.† â€Å"Sandwich place† wasn’t entirely accurate. They also sold gourmet soups and salads, all of which were made fresh and packed with enough prissy ingredients to make Ian happy. Hugh and I snagged a table, my appearance gaining the attention of some children there with their parents. I ignored them as I leaned toward Hugh. â€Å"What’s up, then, if not the phantom transfer?† He eyed the watchers uneasily and took several moments to begin speaking. â€Å"I was calling around today, trying to work connections and see if I could find out anything about you. Like I said, I couldn’t. But I got caught up on all sorts of other gossip.† I was kind of surprised Hellish gossip was what he wanted to discuss, more surprised still that it had apparently warranted him coming in person. If he’d heard a rumor about a mutual friend, it seemed like a phone call would’ve sufficed to pass the news. Even e-mail or text. â€Å"Do you remember Milton?† he asked. â€Å"Milton?† I stared blankly. The name meant nothing to me. â€Å"Nosferatu,† he prompted. Still nothing, and then – â€Å"Oh. Yeah. Him. The vampire.† A month or so ago, Milton had visited on vacation, much to Cody and Peter’s dismay. Vampires were territorial and didn’t like outsiders, although Cody had been able to use Milton’s presence to impress his macabre loving girlfriend, Gabrielle. Or so I’d heard. â€Å"I never actually saw him. I just knew he was in town.† â€Å"Yup, and it turns out last week, he was in Boulder.† â€Å"So?† â€Å"So, first of all, it’s weird that he’d have two ‘vacations’ in that short time. I mean, you know how it is for vampires. You know how it is for all of us.† It was true. Hell didn’t like to give us vacations very often. When your employers owned your soul, they really didn’t feel any need to make your life pleasant. That wasn’t to say we didn’t occasionally get time off, but it certainly wasn’t a priority for Hell. The business of souls never rested. For vampires, this was doubly true because they didn’t like to leave their territory. They also had various complications with traveling, say, like with sunlight. â€Å"Okay, so, it’s weird. How does that affect us?† Hugh dropped his voice low. â€Å"When he was in Boulder, a local dark shaman died under mysterious circumstances.† I felt my eyebrows rise. â€Å"And you think Milton was involved ?† â€Å"Well, like I said, I had time to make some calls and do some research today. And it turns out that even though he’s based in Raleigh, Milton travels an awful lot for a vampire – and every place he goes, some mortal in the supernatural community ends up dead.† â€Å"You’re saying he’s an assassin,† I said, intrigued but still not seeing the point. As part of â€Å"the great game† we all played, angels and demons weren’t supposed to directly influence mortal lives. That’s where lesser immortals came in, with our offers of sin and temptation. Now, we weren’t really supposed to kill either, as far as the game went, and we certainly weren’t supposed to do it on behalf of a greater immortal’s instructions. We all knew it happened, however, and Milton wasn’t the first assassin I’d heard of taking out inconvenient mortals. â€Å"Exactly,† said Hugh. He frowned. â€Å"He goes to places, and people disappear.† â€Å"How does that affect us?† Hugh sighed. â€Å"Georgina, he was here.† â€Å"Yeah, but nobody – † I gasped, freezing a moment in shock. â€Å"Erik . . .† The world reeled around me for a moment. I was no longer in an elite mall’s food court but instead was looking down on the broken, bleeding body of one of the kindest men I knew. Erik had been a longtime friend in Seattle, using his many years of occult and supernatural knowledge to advise me on my problems. He’d been investigating my contract with Hell when a freak robbery at his store had resulted in his death by gunshot. â€Å"Are you saying . . .† My voice was barely a whisper. â€Å"Are you saying Milton killed Erik?† Hugh shook his head sadly. â€Å"I’m not. I’m just laying out the evidence for you, which is compelling – but not enough to form a hard link to Milton.† â€Å"Then why tell me at all?† I asked. â€Å"You don’t like to get involved with anything that questions the status quo.† It was true, and it had been a constant point of contention with Hugh and me. â€Å"I don’t,† he said. I understood now why he was so uneasy. â€Å"Not at all. But I care about you, sweetheart. And I know you cared about Erik and wanted answers.† â€Å"Key word: wanted. I thought I had them.† My heart still mourned Erik, but I had begun to heal from his loss, moving on with life the way we all must after losing a loved one. Knowing – or, well, thinking – he’d been killed in a robbery didn’t exactly give me peace, but it did provide an explanation. If there was any shred of truth to Hugh’s dangerous theory, that Milton – a potential assassin – might have been responsible, then my whole world was suddenly knocked offkilter. And in that scenario, the big issue wasn’t that Milton had done it. What became important was why he had done it. Because if he was one of those Hellish assassins lurking in the shadows, then someone higher up had given him his orders, meaning Hell had a reason to want Erik dead. â€Å"You okay?† Hugh’s hand on mine made me jump. â€Å"Jesus, Georgina. You’re like ice.† â€Å"I’m kind of in shock,† I said. â€Å"This is big, Hugh. Huge.† â€Å"I know,† he said, not sounding happy at all. â€Å"Promise me you won’t do anything foolish. I’m still not sure I should have told you.† â€Å"You should have,† I said, squeezing his hand and making no such promises about the foolish part. â€Å"Thank you.† I had to leave shortly thereafter, returning to assist Happy. A little of her zeal about the pure, magical nature of children had faded in that time. I think it was the six-year-old who asked for a nose job that might have cracked her. As for me, I was in a daze, stunned over what Hugh had told me. Erik murdered. His dying words to me had implied something more was going on, but there’d been no evidence to prove it. Or wait . . . was there? I vaguely remembered the glass pattern of his broken window, the suspicion from the police that it had been broken from within. But what did I do with this theory? How did I get the answers I needed? Equally amazing to me was the concession Hugh had made in telling me this. He valued his job and his comfortable position. He really wasn’t the type to try to upset Hell or ask questions about things that didn’t concern him. Yet he’d pursued his hunch about Milton and passed on the news to me, his friend. Hell made desperate, soulless creatures out of its employees – and most certainly liked it that way – but I doubted any of the higher-ups had imagined the levels of friendship we were still capable of managing. Naturally, only one other thing could have distracted me from this new development, and that was Jerome’s presence in my condo later that night. I was returning home after work and sensed his aura coming from within as soon as I put my key to the door. My fears and theorizing about Erik and Milton moved to one part of my brain, replaced by all the old speculation about the mystery transfer. When I entered, I found Jerome sitting in the living room with Roman, both at their ease and barely acknowledging my presence. â€Å"And so,† Jerome was saying, â€Å"that’s why you need to do this. As soon as possible. Nanette’s people have been at it for a long time, so you’ve got a lot of ground to cover. Set up a schedule – I don’t care how rigorous it is – and make those slackers start putting in their time at the alley.† I stared incredulously. â€Å"You’re here about the bowling competition?† Both men looked at me, Jerome seeming irritated at the interruption. â€Å"Of course. The sooner you start practicing, the better.† â€Å"You know what else might be better the sooner it happens ?† I produced the well-worn HR memo with a flourish. â€Å"You telling me if I’m being transferred or not. My money’s on it being a mistake because surely, surely you wouldn’t put off telling me. Right?† Several heartbeats of silence hung in the room. Jerome held me in his dark, dark gaze, and I refused to look away. At last, he said, â€Å"No. It’s real. You’re being transferred.† My jaw wanted to drop to the ground. â€Å"Then why . . . why am I only just now hearing about it?† He sighed and made an impatient gesture. â€Å"Because I just found out about it. Someone jumped the gun and delivered the memo to you before telling me.† His eyes glinted. â€Å"Don’t worry, I wasn’t too thrilled about that myself. I made sure they know my feelings on the matter.† â€Å"But I . . .† I swallowed. â€Å"I was so sure there was a mistake. . . â€Å" â€Å"There was,† he agreed. â€Å"Just not the kind you were thinking of.† I wanted to sink to the floor and melt away but forced myself to stay strong. I had to ask the next most important question, the question that would shape the next phase of my life. â€Å"Where . . . where am I going?† Jerome studied me once again, this time I think just to drag out the suspense and agony. Bastard. At last, he spoke. â€Å"You’re going to Las Vegas, Georgie.† How to cite Succubus Revealed Chapter 4, Essay examples

Knowledge Management Analysis of Snapshot Industries †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Management Case Analysis of Snapshot Industries. Answer: Introduction Corporations are making extensive use of knowledge management techniques and processes such that they can emerge as leaders within their environment(Bali, 2009). Knowledge Management System (KMS) define as management practice in order to enhance the knowledge by creating, distributing, implementing and coming out with best result to fulfill objective of organization. Extensive handling and management of knowledge allows steady integration and development of core competencies such that core competencies can be extended to meet market requirements. The scope of the current analysis pertains to knowledge management for Snapshot Industries and its purview of strategic knowledge(Arling, 2011). Snapshot Industries has a stronghold of traditions that it implies to various aspects in order to conduct its key processes. The leader cum owner Sam conducts various processes within the organization that enable them to operate strategically. the organization has high levels of commitment as well a s loyalty form its employees as majority have coexisted with the Company for the past 20 years. However, the case reflects that there has been disruptions that was caused due to changing leadership when the company experienced high challenges due to collaborations. The scope of the current report is focused on challenges that the Company faces from knowledge management(Torres, 2007). The scope of the report deals with all relevant challenges that are connected with the scope of knowledge management with employee handling procedures as retirement planning, leadership issues and other strategic practices that can be taken into consideration. Analysis Problem linked to Knowledge Management (KM) Snapshot Industries made extensive usage of Knowledge Management Systems and facing difficulties on applying such technological changes. Snapshot Industries functioned with continuous typical management system since years by Sam Snapshot till date, which made everything function smoothly but after his death his grandson Jim took over his place(Gruman, 2011). Jim tried and incorporated new management policies and practices that resulted in conflicts arising within the company. His modern technique of leadership laissez faire lost enthusiasm within employees and profit went considerably down. Due to sudden change in work process Snapshot industries lost many old highly talented and key staff and lost knowledge with them due to poor communication. According to Schultze and Boland (2000) KMS incorporated was almost a failed effort. Researchers were keen to deeply search for reasons behind failure. Knowledge is power and can be categorized as per content perspective; while as per relation al perspective knowledge cannot be shared develop outside the framework(Cepeda, 2007). Hayes and Walsham (2003) as well as Capozzi, Lowell et. Al. (2003) explained while researching data on The British Council which is an organization that spreads knowledge, information in the form of socializing with no objective of profit making. Thus, Knowledge Management here was a process applied in pressure not as desired. Wichramasinghe (2002) study criticizes that Knowledge Management System instead of increasing and expanding knowledge within employees, in this case only supplied information, with providing formulas for implementation(Birkinshaw, 2008). This system lowers the value of people and lean towards use of substitute which implies more of technology within Knowledge Management. Merely technology has no power to execute work, manpower is equally imperative. Employees in Snapshot Industries were in dilemma with using Knowledge Management System many times, in long term of participation in KMS might put their job on risk by chance of showing and applying their own skills and knowledge according to Damaodran and Olphert. Social issue faced in KM in terms of forcing employees to change their behavior in order to change the culture within the organization as indicated by Ernst and Young Survey. Once the employee leaves job or retires knowledge within them also carried away(Lin, 2007). This is a potential loss for the company in terms of profit and production also according to Martins and Meyer. Thus, it can be established that there was issues pertaining to application of KMS within the organization that was not managed well. Types of knowledge which can be found in Snapshot Industries especially strategic knowledge Knowledge can be of various types and those found in Snapshot Industries are, tactic knowledge which is invisible and not transferable verbally or in written form from one person to another but can be supplied in the form of understanding, intensions, motives to share such information on the basis of prejudgment, future prospects and so on(Liew, 2008). High value source of information and knowledge gathered through long years of working experience and management skills. Snapshot had a rough time handing this knowledge to continuous use and storage by new owner of the company Jim by stopping old workers to quit Jobs for further innovations and expansion. Jim was in dilemma that new staff with new policy implementation without the help and knowledge of older staff will either halt or stop the improvement in the company. This knowledge is basically experienced through culture, heredity, thought process(Du Plessis, 2007). Explicit Knowledge on the other hand, is easily transferable, understandable and stored within management storage system. Its effect is not more profitable in terms of handling competitors. Explicit Knowledge based on technology stored and then shared through notes, brochures, documents, files and so on. Embedded knowledge is a systematic formula based software and process of doing work, daily traditional ways of implementing in work, culture follow, artifacts follow by management since its inception. Once routine and practice set to operate work by practice, its difficult to change drastically(Chang, 2009). Its a Knowledge set as principles in rules, process, culture, and work ethics. The knowledge of skills, centralize, record and personnel system are known as strategic knowledge. An effort to carry on work through use of ones knowledge, capacity in an organized way by means of good communication with other employees to develop excellence in work. Employees should possess either of management skill as strategic and business skills which refers to knowledge about managerial skills, efficient planning for execution, and profitability, as well as organizational skill(Zack, 2009). Management Skills where employee handling technique, method plotting, hiring and preparing teams are taken into considerations. Information management skill is similar to explicit knowledge of codding, information storage in software, accounting, taxing and so on. IT skills is totally related to technology study and knowledge like, software applications, programming so on. Problems in regards to resignations and retirements Learning skills refers to intelligence of people to tackle any situation through experience and knowledge and ability to overcome it(Ratcliffe, 2008). Knowledge management Team leaders should possess quality of Knowledge networking changing and sharing knowledge and ideas of one employee to other as per requirement for maximizing growth and expansion. Employees with certain characteristics and specialization whose experience and managerial skills and ability is essential for organizational expansion is effected badly when such staff give resignation and retires on their particular time of retirement. In Snapshot employees were leaving the organization as there was no communication from the management regarding implementation of knowledge management systems or a demonstration provided regarding the same(Liao, 2009). Certain policies can be built, implied and followed such as problem solving techniques, in order to save loss to the company as employees who resign due to few conflicts in the organization either with other leaders or co-workers. Use of Knowledge Management can be entailed to prevent employees from resignation and retirement Organization should create some fair policies as extension of years of retirement of few employees with set criteria as for those who are working more than 20 years, loyal employee, with no default records and so on to retain them in company with their best skills and also by increasing pay package to utilize their positive characteristics for more years in the organization for constant innovations and growth(Hislop, 2013). Approaching other employees to learn the method of expertise during their work tenure to carry forward with their work skill is another procedure that the company can utilize. Organizing a committee meeting to resolve the issue and conflicts faced by resigning employee who are highly educated and knowledgeable and whose role in the company is indispensible. In case employees are resigning due to communication and coordination with other staff it should be resolved immediately with possible requirement and solutions. In case salary package is issue, then it should be increased accordingly such that they stay with the organization. Storage and enhancement of knowledge through such people is more vital than few issue faced by them acceptable. Employees due to exploitation feel to leave company with their tactic knowledge which is harmful for company(Renzl, 2008). Due to need of instant job shares their secret knowledge with other rival companies using this opportunity and which results in loss of the company present and future growth prospect. Keeping old leaders to serve company is most beneficial aspect of company. Consultants concern over leadership. Jims leadership influence and ways to improve them Leadership is pertinent for handling any sort of challenges and issues within an organization. Hence, consultants will be concerned over leadership as the organization extended too fast. Todays globalized business has intensity to expand in a faster way. Technology use has lowered the thinking process of people. Due to high competition within and outside organization people tends to follow few rules and strategies to apply in work, managers force workers to carry out work procedures as per their policies which do not allow others to prove their strength and results in poor growth. Office environment changed too much with incorporation of Knowledge Management. Change of culture in organization changes the working style, communication and coordination and repo with managers to work, this change impacts progress of the company. Snapshot Industries forced employees to follow failed system by leaders to follow old typical styles with poor result with no improvement and growth process. This killed staff motivation to work efficiently. Jims taking over of Snapshot after his grandfathers death Sam Snapshot totally ruined the business within a short span of time. His new leadership style Laissez faire caused conflicts between old and new employees. Employees who were working under Sam in a traditional systematic policy failed and opposed usage as well as application of new strategy. This communication gap forced old staff to resign. Competition started within the company between employees, which was a big loss for companys working operation to overall growth. Company lost all skilled and knowledgeable employees who contributed for years in company to attain success level. Jims non managerial thoughts and views took the company to almost closing down. Jim failed to carry forward his grandfathers business to a higher level due to his lack of knowledge and skills. He lost big opportunity provided to run family business in an efficient way. Business created by Sam Snapshot with 25 years of hard work and concentration was spoiled due to wrong policy adopted in organization. KM helps to store previous success policy and its factors to imply on future expansion by spreading knowledge to new staff. There are few aspects through which Jim could have improve and saved company from collapse by changing his thought process in taking over company to carry on further as per his grandfathers rules and regulations. Leadership ways of his grandfather as, to maintain good relationship with old employees to allow them to participate in business plans and execution by taking their opinions of years experience(Review, 2011). He could have created sound environment to maintain friendly relations with old and new employees. He should have given chance to coordinate with each other for companys benefits. Jim could have organized few programs by experts in business management to spread more knowledge and information for people to use it in work process system for more coordination and implementation. Jim instead of randomly changing every policies and culture business strategy could have applied by proper planning step by step to avoid all the conflicts raised for the betterment of company and its survival. His non professionalism attitude and fast implementation to plan to change company overnight has spoiled everything in aggression. Jim could have stopped fast resignation and capacity of staff to operate business with same principles initially. Jim could have saved company collision by sharing his ideas with old people before forceful implementation. Experienced employees could have given him idea and support for positive and negative effect of applying new strategy(Huemann, 2007). This could have helped to make changes as per knowledge for companys growth faster Areas to reflect knowledge management principles Maintaining knowledge of employees is most needed to reflect knowledge management principle because staffs who are working since years have relevant ideas(Denizhan Kalkan, 2008). Staff knowledge that is there since time of inception regarding operations, planning, policies, internal strategies of success, their personal strength and knowledge contribution for growth and expansion even after they resign and join other competitive company such that success will be shared and distributed can be harmful for the organization for further growth. It is critical that resignations and retirement of such people is stopped for the purpose of gaining necessary inputs. Organizational management should use latest electronic technology to save and store confidential information, strategies, ideas and knowledge from employees for further use in business in the form of software, data and applications(King, 2008). Management should follow principles to identify business problems and prepare employees for change by creating KM team. Features should be identify and follow the solutions obtained from KM team. Organizing few programs by experts to spread and enhance knowledge to workers will enhance KM understanding. Knowledge of individual should be shared through process to link with other strategies for attaining best results. ROI (return on investment) should be immediately being implement for long term goals along with profit maximization. Effective Knowledge management always tries to build friendly environment in the form of support within employees, good culture and by trying to adopt latest innovated policies for success(Jones, 2013). Thus, the company needs to aim integration of employees knowledge with that of KMS such as to get appropriate results. KM is a strategy in this case Yes, finally we can say from above discussions that KM (Knowledge Management) is a strategy in Snapshot industries case because of various reasons. Foremost is KM can solve problems of employees knowledge as discussed above by sharing and implementation of tactic knowledge of people which are nontransferable to explicit knowledge in the form of data, notes files by communications and coordination and education(Dalkir, 2011). This knowledge should be stored through technology for future use for expansion and innovations. Management should save people from resigning and retirement by solving conflicts and issues in every possible form. On the contrary, it can also be said that KM is not a strategy in this case with a view that because Tactic knowledge is which is inherited and nontransferable or written so as per its nature cannot be implement to explicit knowledge. KM strategy to support existing structures, policies, work culture and by spreading knowledge. KM helps to accept changes by old employees, culture work process for expansion with use of latest technology(Chen, 2009). Demolishing old worthless knowledge from people and organization for improvement and development. KM solving problems of Snapshot Knowledge Management System has no capability to solve every problems faced by Snapshot because companys problem was not limited to knowledge sharing. Information, skills and policies that should be stored with the help of electronic system and technology was done by traditional process saving in a system. Organizational process has been changed after Jims took over which has shaken the companys pillar in every part of organization resulting in conflict between old and new staff, change of culture, and process of production, planning, coordination, policies, maximum resignation and retirement all this together cannot be solved by KM. KMS even cannot force people to stay in company for sharing their knowledge because few knowledge is nontransferable(Von Krogh, 2012). Problems which can be solved through Knowledge Management are storing knowledge of expertise in the form of data, application and secretion system for use in further future expansion during downfall. Knowledge system can also help to enhance knowledge of other unskilled or low skill employees by sharing information, strategy and success intonation from expertise or managers. Leadership skills from managers can be gained through training and programs. This overall sharing of knowledge can helps other people growth in job and appraisal. KMS is introduced to accumulate information in a system to use same strategy or basic principles of such knowledge in future. KMS target is to increase the ability and skills to perform task more intensively by not repeating mistakes and using better ideas(Ruggles, 2009). Problems within organization can be identify through KM and helped to solve through expandable knowledge. Evolution of social and information technology is through KMS. Practices of strategy application through knowledge gain helps to work more efficiently. KMS helps to use enhanced knowledge and information in business process environment which results in success and best of results. Recommendation and Conclusion Analysis of above facts and figures reflect that the major issues faced by Snapshot is in regards to KMS. the Company can only overcome the challenges by means of integrating proper techniques and skilled ways to integrate KMS systems into its traditional structures. While implementing KMS it becomes important to evaluate and understand its fit to existing system and analyse such gaps. Thus, integrating in such features will allow easy integration, application of KMS and expansion of the Company. References Arling, P. A. 2011. Facilitating new knowledge creation and obtaining KM maturity. Journal of knowledge management, 231-250. Bali, R. W. 2009. Knowledge management primer. Routledge. Birkinshaw, J. H. 2008. Management innovation. . Academy of management Review, 825-845. Cepeda, G. . 2007. Dynamic capabilities and operational capabilities: A knowledge management perspective. Journal of Business Research, 426-437. Chang, T. H. 2009. Using the fuzzy multi-criteria decision making approach for measuring the possibility of successful knowledge management. Information Sciences, 355-370. Chen, C. J. 2009. Strategic human resource practices and innovation performanceThe mediating role of knowledge management capacity. Journal of business research, 104-114. Dalkir, K. a. 2011. Knowledge management in theory and practice. . MIT press. Denizhan Kalkan, V. 2008. An overall view of knowledge management challenges for global business. Business Process Management Journal, 14(3), 390-400. Du Plessis, M. 2007. The role of knowledge management in innovation. . Journal of knowledge management, 11(4), 20-29. Gruman, J. A. 2011. Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 123-136. Hislop, D. 2013. Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Huemann, M. K. 2007. Huemann, M., Keegan, A., Turner, J. R. International Journal of Project Management, 315-323. Jones, G. a. 2013. Knowledge management in education: Enhancing learning education. Routledge. King, W. R. 2008. Motivating knowledge sharing through a knowledge management system. Omega, 131-146. Liao, H. T. 2009. Do they see eye to eye? Management and employee perspectives of high-performance work systems and influence processes on service quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 371. Liew, C. B. 2008. Strategic integration of knowledge management and customer relationship management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 131-146. Lin, H. F. 2007. Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions. . Journal of information science, 135-149. Ratcliffe, J. 2008. Knowledge management challenges in the development of intelligence-led policing. The Handbook of Knowledge-Based Policing: Current Conceptions and Future Directions. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 205-220. Renzl, B. 2008. Trust in management and knowledge sharing: The mediating effects of fear and knowledge documentation. . Omega, 206-220. Review, A. o. 2011. Performance management and employee engagement. . Human Resource Management Review, 123-136. Ruggles, R. 2009. Knowledge management tools. . Routledge. Torres, J. M. 2007. Knowledge management system. U.S. Patent, 2,272,610. Von Krogh, G. 2012. How does social software change knowledge management? Toward a strategic research agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 154-164. Zack, M. M. 2009. Zack, M., McKeen, J., Singh, S. Journal of knowledge management, 392-409.

Leadership Development Plan free essay sample

Take the initiative on new projects that come up . Opens up and communications well with manager What other performance indicators can I notice? * Performance Indicators 1. Sometime gets overwhelmed with stress 2. Heavy workloads tend to cause stress Conclusion * Focus area priorities 1. Develop more confidence when it comes to my written communication 2. Develop more self confidence and courage 3. Stop being so passive in difficult situations What is my desired state? What do I hope to improve/achieve? * Desired state 1. Able to talk and act confidently regardless of what the situation or who Im talking to. Not afraid to voice out my ideas and opinion and willing to try new things and take some risk. Always look for new opportunities rather than walking the common path. Able to influence others and decisions made because I show great confidence. 2. Able to be assertive and take control of situations. Able to press hard for my recommendations, ideas, and decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Development Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To proactively take the lead in as many situations as possible. Not be passive is difficult situations no matter who is in the room. 3. Able to write with confidence regardless who will be reading my written communication. Able to write without fear of what others think. Develop a good business writing technique. Why do I want to achieve that? What does it give me? * Why do I want it? 1. With confidence, I can achieve new opportunities for myself. I am able to command more respect and others will be able to see my worth. I will dare to try new things and go against the group, which gives me more opportunities for success. With confidence, my true self will, will finally shine through. 2. With assertiveness, I no longer follow other peoples decisions and will. I get to choose for myself and live on my own terms. By being assertive, I command respect from others. I also participate and contribute fully when I am assertive. It further builds my confidence and installs self esteem in me. 3. By being confident in my written communication I will not regret things I have written. I will not write something that could hurt me in the future. I will create better communication between myself and other employees. What are my short term goals? * Short term goals 1. Make 3 new recommendations to my boss every month and get him to seriously consider it. . Speak up in situations, instead of walking away. 3. Attend the written communication class my company is offering. What are my long term goals? * Long term goals 1. Able to command confidence whenever I want, regardless of the situation. Not be affected by setbacks. 2. Have the habit of taking the lead in most situations and being assertive, while at the same time keeping some balance and not being ex treme. 3. Have the ability to show confidence in my writing. Not having to be questioned about my writing because Ill get my point across with the first written communication. Leadership Development Plan free essay sample Introduction With the current ever changing business environment, leaders are required to be strategic and resolute to meet the demands of the business of the environment (Byham, Smith Paese 2002). The purpose of this paper is to create my own personal development plan based on the Central Michigan University (CMU) leadership competency model, leadership theories and personality tests. This will serve as a framework to allow me to identify my own weaknesses and strengths, and develop my leadership capacity, allowing myself to be able to achieve the vision I set for myself and the current business environment. The vision I had for myself is to enter the Marketing Industry, focusing on business development, and ultimately becoming an entrepreneur. Business development has been said to be a synthesis of strategic analysis, marketing and sales (The Editor, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Development Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The competencies required are ‘strong research skills’, to evaluate the business environment, ‘people and communication skills’, to build partnership and rapport with other organization and with a ‘deal closing instinct’, to ensure closing of sales (The Editor, 2012). This leadership development plan will be helping me in preparing to be a future business development director or an entrepreneur at the end of my career. Lastly, I would seek a Major of the Singapore Armed Forces, who has seen me in a leadership role, to provide feedback on my personal leadership development plan. Central Michigan University Leadership Competency Model The Central Michigan University leadership competency model has identified leaders with several competencies such as skills, behaviors, abilities, knowledge and attitudes (Central Michigan University, 2004). However, they recognized that in reality, it is impossible for every leader to acquire all of those proficiencies, but leaders are required to be aware of their strengths and weaknesses (Central Michigan University 2004). This allows them to further enhance their strengths and choose individuals to compensate for their own shortcomings. This model identifies five dimensions in leadership. The five dimensions are namely: 1. Self-management 2. Leading others 3. Task Management 4. Innovation 5. Social Responsibility (Central Michigan University 2004) Each of the individual dimensions consist of the competencies listed above. Hence, it allows leaders to identify which areas are in need of further development. However, it should be noted that there are three advantages and disadvantages using competency to developed leadership. The advantage of competency models is that it provides ‘Clarity’, ‘Consistency’ and ‘Connectivity’ (Conger Ready 2004). The benefit of ‘Clarity is the most applicable in this paper, as it allows me to fix distinct expectations on the kinds of skills, behaviors, abilities, knowledge and attitudes I wish to have (Conger Ready 2004). The disadvantage of using competency models is that it is ‘Complicated’, ‘Conceptual’ and is based on ‘Current’ environment (Conger Ready 2004). The drawback that is most applicable to this paper is the ‘ideal conception of leadership’. The model believes that an effective leader holds all the core competencies. However, in reality, the nature of leaders is complex, and they are able to hire individuals to compensate for their shortcomings (Conger Ready 2004). Therefore, in this paper, I will focus more on enhancing my strengths. Strength and Weakness The first stage in developing my leadership development plan is to identify my personal forte and flaws that is appropriate to my vision. In doing so, I put myself through the CMU Leadership Competency Assessment (Central Michigan University 2004) and Myer – Brigg Personality test (HumanMetrics 2013). The first assessment I put myself into is the CMU Leadership Competency Assessment (Central Michigan University 2004). The CMU leadership Assessment Report (refer to Appendix A) indicates that I score high on Self-management, average on Task Management, Innovation and Social Responsibilities, and low on Leading Others. By going in depth, I should focus on ‘stress management, ‘enhancing performance’, ‘forecasting’, ‘acting with integrity’, ‘social knowledge’. The above competencies are crucial in giving me a competitive advantage in achieving my vision. However, I am particularly weak in ‘interpersonal awareness’ and ‘solving problems’. The next assessment I took up was the Myer – Brigg Personality test, and the result indicated that I am an ‘ESFP’. This shows that I am an extrovert who enjoys working with others, set realistic goals, and enjoys a flexible and friendly environment (Myers Briggs Foundation 2014). Due to my past experiences when I am serving my national services, I can associate most with the authentic leadership theories. Authentic leaders are said to have a strongly definite purpose for their leadership (George cited in Kerfoot 2006). Their actions are based on their values, actions and words, which are consistent with, and have a common understanding with the followers (Kerfoot 2006). With the personality I have, embracing this style of leadership will be most productive and suitable for me. Leadership Development Plans After identifying my personal forte and shortcomings, this brings us to the main part of the papermy leadership development plans. The leadership development plans that I set for myself will be multi-staged. However, it will be based on the fundamental competencies required to perform in the job. Therefore, the time period of this personal development plan will be based on from two to five years’ time from now. My leadership development plan will focus on strengthening areas such as ‘Stress Management ’, ‘interpersonal awareness’, ‘Social Knowledge’, ‘enhancing performance’ and ‘Forecasting’. I have confidence that by reinforcing my areas of strengths and improving on my weakness, I will not only be a far-reaching leader, but also an individual. The first dimension improving self-management is to further expand my stress tolerance. Stress tolerance is the capability to be able to perform under stressful situations (Central Michigan University 2004). According to Goodman (2013), stress level is built up over time and requires a period to recover. Therefore, to remove the stress inbuilt in my body, I will take up ongoing stress-relieving activities, such as sports and volunteering work. It is also important that I have at least six hours of sleep every night (Goodman 2013) To increase my ability to leading others, I would enhance my ability on interpersonal awareness. One of the methods is to take up psychological course such as the ‘Diploma in psychology’ awarded by Management Development Institute of Singapore (MDIS) to increase my understanding on human behavior and psychological thinking (MDIS 2014; Central Michigan University 2004). This is crucial in increasing my effectiveness in close deals; by understand the body languages and mental process of a person. This also helps me to nurture better relationship with my co-workers and business partners (Central Michigan University 2004). The next dimension that I wish to improve on is social knowledge. One of the methods that I would like to uptake is learning a third language. By understanding a non-native language allows me to communicate both in oral and written form with people who use that language. The third language I would like to learn is Spanish. As more than twenty countries uses Spanish as its official language making it the second most common spoken language in the world (Rosenberg 2013). By learning a new language, it also increases my chance of moving business into Spanish-speaking market or going into a Spanish-speaking country as an expatriate. Lastly, in order to enhance my task management skills, especially in enhancing the performance of my future team. I need to shift my leadership style towards the direction of team management, the scale of 9. 9 based on the Blake and Mouton’s (1982) Leadership Grid. As currently my leadership style is 1. 9, where I using a country club style management. I am more focus on satisfying the needs of my followers. This aligns with the result of my Myer-Brigg personality test, where I wish to work in a flexible and friendly environment, In order to enhance my skills; I can attend short courses such as ‘Managing yourself and leading Others’ by Harvard (Harvard Division of Continuing Education 2014). This purpose of this course is to impart the ability to recognize different perspective that is required to understand the strengths and shortcoming in me and others. This is crucial in management where leaders have to make decisions in uncertain scenario (Harvard Division of Continuing Education 2014). At end of the day, it help is to increase our capability in managing and influence our followers (Harvard Division of Continuing Education 2014). However is noted that attending such a short seminar may not be enough. Therefore I plan to uptake a Master of Science in International Marketing Management that is being offered in Marketing Institute of Singapore (2013). Forecasting is one of the most important skills that are required to be an effective leader (Clayton 2014). However there is not a single perfect forecasting mechanism to predict the future. However there are few changes I can make to improve my ability in forecasting. Firstly, forecasting should be done regularly (Clayton 2014). This helps me to identify mistakes and to account of newly developed factors from the business environment (Clayton 2014). Secondly, forecasting should be done in a team (Clayton 2014). This helps to me to identify factors that I would not notice by myself (Clayton 2014). Lastly, I would need to get advices from other people frequently. This is to ensure groupthink effect would not occur. This can be prevented by talking to clients on the latest trends and events and experts that are in and out of my industry (Clayton 2014). By changing my method of forecasting, it means I got to take up a participative leadership style. As participative leadership allows the followers to influence the leader’s decision during the decision making process (Yukl 2013). According to Vroom and Yetton (cited in Yukl 2013) normative decision model, participative leadership provides a wide range of benefits. It helps to produce a ‘better decision quality’, ‘higher decision acceptance’, ‘higher satisfaction’ and ‘skill development’. By embracing participative leadership styles, it aligns with me being an authentic leader. As is suits with my personality, values where I want to create a flexible and friendly environment to create higher satisfaction and acceptance among my followers. Secondly it also helps to shift my management style towards 9. 9 as mention earlier on based on Blake and Mouton’s (1982) Leadership Grid. Since every human has a need for achievement (McClelland 1976), by having a greater responsibility and autonomy in their work. This will result into a stronger motivational force to perform. Hence a more committed people while having a good team relationship. Feedback from Leader I have sought a professional officer in the Singapore Armed Forces, who I have worked with during my days as a National Serviceman. He has seen me leading my own team to conduct the inaugural Mobilization Exercise for the SAF unit. Having seen him lead a team of NSFs during his tenure, Im confident in his abilities and also He mentions that my deliberate LDP is both targeted and realistic. My LDP consist of two portion, firstly is my self-assessment and secondly, a deliberate LDP. As any personal development plan without an honest assessment of the current short comings would be futile. Therefore my clear and concise self assessment using both the CMU Leadership Competency Assessment and Myer – Brigg Personality test are commendable. My choice to enhance ‘Stress Management ’, ‘enhancing performance’, ‘Forecasting’, ‘Social Knowledge’ and ‘interpersonal awareness’ will serve me well, specifically as a leader of individuals and a contributing core team leader. To achieve these goals, I have chartered a systematic and realistic timeline to accomplish these goals. However entering a business development industry, I have ignored the culture aspect which is deeming as important. As the business world is getting flatter, understanding a new language does not fully allow me to understand a new culture. Incorporate feedback After seeking feedback, I intend to make changes to my LDP. To further improve on my understanding of different cultures, one of the methods is to socialize with different community. As social interaction is a powerful informal tool to help me to understand different customs, tradition and values. This can be done by doing volunteering work or attending social events to widen my social circles. Finalized Timeline development plan The finalized part of this paper is to set the timeline of my development plan and the criteria to evaluate myself. The first dimension that I would change is on Self-management. As mention earlier on, I will exercise regularly, partake on volunteering work and have at least six hours of sleep every night. This will start now and be an on-going process for the rest of my life. The next dimension will be on interpersonal awareness. As the ‘Diploma in psychology’ is a 14 month course, therefore I plan to uptake this course once I complete my probation in my first marketing job. Since this is a foundation of my work requirement and would serve me in the long run. The learning of a third language, Spanish, to improve on my social knowledge will be after I completed my Diploma in psychology. This will occurs around my second or third year of my career. Taking in consideration of the feedback I received, interaction of people in different community will be an on-going process. To improve on my task management skills, attending short courses can occurs during my free times as it does not take much times. The best time I foresee is during my holidays and leaves to enrich myself. However taking up a Master of Science in International Marketing Management, the suitable time would be around the fourth or fifth year of my career, where I foresee myself leading a team of own and I would have completed the course I mentioned earlier on. As forecasting is a change in my leadership style and my methods. This will be an on-going process once I am able to lead my own team. However this can be evaluated over the years by calculating my accuracy in my prediction. The increase of accuracy in my prediction will be deem as I have adequate competencies in this skill. Conclusion In this paper, producing my personal development plan, allows me to further understand on my strengths and weakness, personality and even the type of leadership styles that suits me. Since the LDP is formed towards my vision of being a business development director or entrepreneur at the end of my career. This will serve as a guideline for my own personal development into a more comprehensive individual and as a leader for the next five years.

Personal Observation Essay essays

Personal Observation Essay essays An amazing wit, an outrageous sense of humor, an worldly knowledge about life are all things that amazing sophomore, Julie Rhettington. Suffering her younger years, Cassan learned to cope with insurmountable trauma. She learned to take care for direction. Although this put a strain on a diagnosis her family recently received, her The news took its toll, but Julie has risen from and has become an amazing and vibrant young been through, what makes this fifteen-year-old Blessed with a hilarious sense of humor, Julie funny. She looks beyond momentary dramas and sees situations. Recently one such instance arose. deciding what we should do for a friends going everything was destined to go wrong. The worst planning adventure was making our friend Katie goodbyes. Time and time again the tape would cut re-record, etc. Using that wit of hers, Julie and turned the tape into this incredibly funny inside joke. We started making up songs and doing little skits and let everyone. Making the tape a joke us to excuse away all of the awkward pauses and start-over's, etc. Julie's demeanor also helped de-stress the evening and made the party a Although usually thought to be an immature Julie's ability to focus on the humor has helped Another amazing quality Julie has is her The ultimate optimist, Julie has this spark that ...

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Development of Sustainable Dwellings in Wales

Development of Sustainable Dwellings in Wales This study focuses on the development of a sustainable retrofit plan for a typical dwelling in Wales. There are two parts that have been discussed in this report. The first section is a full development plan to reduce the fuel cost with a budget of  £30K and the second is a calculation of carbon footprint of a building element (wall insulation materials). The project was predicted to achieve 70% reductions in CO2 emissions for a cost of some  £26K.Furthermore, the energy cost would be reduced by 85% if the development plan was implemented in full. Stepwise approach has been used to measure the performance. Replacing the heating system and adding more insulation for the roof, walls and floor are considered the significant improvement of the project with reasonable payback periods. The embodied CO2 emission for three different insulation materials has been calculated. Rockwool has the lowest rate 833 kg co2e compared to 875, 1737 to the Sheeps wool and Expanded Polystyrene respectivel 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Introduction: Indeed, there is a huge pressure on governments to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Paris agreement, is a recent agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, was agreed to keep the global warming below 2 °C (1). British government aims to have an 80% reduction by 2050. This means a huge improvement is needed in energy efficiency of our existing dwelling. The recent report shows that over 45% of total greenhouse emissions were emitted from dwelling building (2).The domestic sector accounted for 29 % of the total energy consumption in 2015(3).Furthermore, residential was ranked the fourth in the amount of greenhouse gas emission according to national statistics(4) the figure below show the greenhouse gas emission by different sectors. Figure (1) Greenhouse gas emission by sector (DECC), UK, 2014 1.1.2 The property: This house was built in 1930s and has three bedrooms with South-West facing and located in Wales. The external walls are cavity wall with plaster but without any insulation, the floor has no insulation, the roof is slate tiles with 50mm insulation between the rafters. The windows are double glazed, with a 6mm air gap, PVC frames and with U value of 2.8.The doors are also PVC frame with U value of 2.8. The heating system is an old mains gas boiler with 65% efficiency, the capacity of hot water tank 120 litre. 1.1.3 Performance prior to refurbishment: This house has a SAP rating of 45, below the national average of 48 and therefore there is a need to improve its performance to achieve 80 % of reduction in emissions as well as the annual fuel cost. This could be achieved by reducing the heat loss through the walls, floor, roof as well as windows and doors. 1.2 Development plan There are two factors that are set to dramatically transform the way in which building was designed and fabricated in the early twenty-first century-insulation and energy. There is a need to maximise the insulation levels of the buildings while at the same time rethinking the ways in which building consumes the energy needed to run them. Step 1: Upgrading the heating system : Modern boilers are more efficient because they burn the fuel very efficiently. The fuel type also has a direct impact on reducing the fuel bill as well as carbon emissions. The condensing gas boiler (90% efficacy) with room thermostat is the best choice in this matter. Step 2: Insulating the roof, floor and walls: The challenge in adding insulation levels in domestics is to choose the right materials that fit for purpose. Understanding the properties of the materials and when it is suited to fitting in the attic space is essential. Moreover, price, fire safety, chemicals involved and end of life should also be considered when choosing the material (5). -Floor: Phenolic foam insulation would offer the best performance of any readily available panel (6). It also has less impact on room size where dry-lining is considered. Kingspans Kooltherm phenolic is the good option for floors. The designed U value for floor is 0.2 W/m2K. -Cavity wall insulation: Filling the cavity gap between the inner and outer blocks with appropriate insulation material has been considered. However, it is highly likely that insulating the cavity alone will not be enough to achieve the required U-values. For this reason, adding internal or external insulation should also be concerned to achieve the targeted U-value. The designed u value for injected insulation with external wall insulation (Rockwool) is 0.49 (W/m2K). -Roofs: mineral wool insulation is highly recommended for roof insulation, 160 mm is added between rafters and 100 mm below them. The designed U value in this case is 0.15 (W/m2K). Step 3: Minimising infiltration (disuse chimneys, draught proofing). Ventilation is needed in traditional buildings to help the fabric breathe. Chimneys would have contributed greatly to the ventilation rate, so it is advised, in some cases, that chimneys could to be left open to allow natural ventilation. However, disused chimney, if left fully open, will often cause more heat loss. It also can let water in, if it is uncapped. Some methods can be recommended: CAPS: a cap at the top of a chimney will prevent water ingress but allow through ventilation. However, caps can cause huge damage and be very dangerous if they blow off in case of windy weather. Balloons: is the quickest and cheapest way to close of a flue that is not being used, but it is awkward and dirty when removing and reinstalling them in place. Step 4: Reducing the energy consumption for lighting (LED). LED lighting is extremely energy efficient technology and has changed the future of lighting worldwide. The residential LED lighting use less 70% energy and last 25 times longer life (7). The value of lighting gain in the SAP calculation (67) was reduced by 70% of the original value. Step 5: Installing renewable sources (PV panel). The solar photovoltaic (PV) has many advantages that a householder can benefit from. The main benefit is to cut electricity bill as well as sell the left over electricity to the grid. Not to mention, the sunlight is free and that means nearly zero carbon footprint (8). It is advised the Monocrystalline system with 20% efficiency is required to generate around 2700kWh annually. This system requires 21 square meter roof space and makes saving around 12p/kWh from electricity bill. However, if a householder doesnt use the electricity produced, exported to grid or store it in batteries are the only two options available. The storage technology has been ignored because the cost and complexity with installing at dwelling. The exported tariff is 3.1 p/kWh, but this figure could be ignored as the power generated by the system would be absorbed by the site demand. Step 6: UPVC triple glazing windows The huge heating loss in domestics occurs through windows. There is a growing range in this area to improve the thermal performance of this element. Triple glazing is the best options that could be considered to achieve the reduction target. This element has an excellent U-value (one or less) which provide a decrease in energy consumption as well as reducing CO2 emissions. Step 7: UPVC high efficient door It is suggested that the original doors on the property, with a U-value of 2.8 W/m2.K, should be replaced with a high performance triple glazed door, reducing the U-value of the surface by 65%. 1.3 Alternatives options Other systems were also considered but rejected due to the cost-effectiveness as well as the project size. For example: Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR): is widely used for highly energy efficient buildings in the UK. However, the complexity to install and the high capital cost, the system was ignored. Under floor heating: is a modern technology that allows the householder to enjoy the luxury of the warm floor during the winter. In other hand, under floor system is pricey to install in retrofit house and more difficult to maintain if any problem occurs. Wind turbine: roof-mounted and freestanding mast wind turbines are two types that can be installed in the project. The micro wind turbine was rejected because the space limitation, the turbine noise and save the birds in the local area. 1.4 Analysis and evaluation SAP rating: the graph (1) illustrates the improvement of the SAP rating though the development plan. It is clearly seen that the property has been developed from 45.65 to over 90 and that means the house can achieve band B in the EPC. CO2 emissions rate: As it can be seen from the graph (2) below, a significant decrease in CO2 emissions though the development plan. The house would benefit of 70% reduction on CO2 emissions as the plan reduced CO2 emissions rate from 71.35 to below 22.77. Energy cost: The annual fuel cost has been reduced from  £1354 to below  £200 as graph (3) indicates. A reduction of 85% of annual energy bill will be achieved if the designed plan is implemented. The projects budget was  £30K; however, the full money spent in this plan is around  £26K. The simple payback method has been used for financial evaluation. The full plan will require 20 years to recover the cost of the project. The plan is designed in stepwise to achieve higher performance as well as keep the cost low as much as possible. The graph (4) shows that SAP rating improvement against the cost for each step. Replacing windows and doors would cost over  £7000 and  £1000 respectively; with having longer payback periods (graph 5), that took them to the end of the list. Note: Full data can be found in the appendix (table 3). Graph (1) SAP rating during the development plan Graph (2) CO2 emissions rate through the development plan Graph (3) Annual energy cost through the development plan Graph (4) SAP improvement vs. Cost Graph (5) Simple payback calculation for development plan 1.5 Conclusion The project will benefit significantly by replacing the heating system as well as adding more insulation for the roof, floor and walls. However, replacing windows the doors have slight effect on the house performance as it costs more with less benefit. Installing photovoltaic panels will make a huge impact on the project performance. It would make saving over 55% from the energy bill if 3 KWp panel was installed. 2.1 Introduction The thermal resistance provided by insulation materials used in the building fabric means that the energy savings from insulation made during the operation of the building far outweigh its embodied environmental impacts. Also, insulation products tend to have a very low density and, therefore, when reviewed in a building context, only relatively small masses of materials are used. However, if insulations are not assessed with a whole-building life-cycle approach they may not appear to be an inherently low environmental impact material, because of the resources and energy used during manufacture, the use of blowing agents and the lack of reuse/recycling at the end of life. This study will illustrate the environmental impact of three different types of insulation; it also provides the carbon footprint calculation for the project that was refurbished in the Part 1. 2.2 Literature survey The Green guide classifies the insulation used in the construction into: Non-renewable organic-based insulation such as expanded polystyrene (EPS); this material has conductivity 0.038 W/mK, density 37 kg/m3. It is a rigid, open cell form of polystyrene blown with pentane. EPS is a thermoplastic polymer, so can be reprocessed and recycled more easily than thermoset polymers. Most process waste is recycled but there is limited recycling of postconsumer packaging. Renewable organic plant/animal-derived insulation such as Sheeps wool insulation; it has conductivity 0.039 W/mK, density 25 kg/m3. The sheeps wool that is not suitable for textiles, is used for insulation. The wool needs to be scoured, requiring energy and water, and the resulting pesticide residue from the sheet dip needs treatment. Binders and polyester fibre are required, as well as chemical treatment to prevent moth attack. Mineral wool insulation such as Rockwool; is a medium density insulation product of 45 kg/m3 and has a thermal conductivity of 0.044 W/mK. Rockwool is made of 77% virgin raw material mainly in the form of diabase, gotland stone, lime stone, cement and bauxite. The remaining 23% are classed as waste materials. End-of-life issues for insulation Many insulation types are recyclable at end of life, but do not currently have any recycling system in place for material recovered from construction, refurbishment or demolition. There is evidence that some insulation waste from construction is incorporated elsewhere within the building, rather than being sent for disposal. For most materials, the impact associated with end of life is the disposal impact measured by BRE relating to the amount of material landfilled or incinerated. The BRE methodology also includes the emissions associated with incineration and landfill, including burning of landfill gas. For renewable materials, the end-of-life stage can have a significant impact if the sequestered carbon is released back into the environment through incineration or decay in landfill. Table (1) End-of-life waste destination (reference 11) Insulation End of life waste destination (%) Landfill Incineration Recycled Expanded polystyrene (EPS): 90 9 1 Sheeps wool 100 0 0 Rockwool 40 10 50 2.3 Carbon footprint calculation The construction carbon calculator is used to determine the environmental impact for insulation materials. This tool was downloaded from the governments website (12). CO2 emissions calculation: The table below shows the total amount of co2 emissions for the three types of insulation. Table (2) Carbon footprint calculation for EPS, Sheeps wool and Rockwool Reference Unit Expanded Polystyrene Sheeps wool Rockwool Wall area m2 110 110 110 Insulation thickness Assumption m 0.1 0.1 0.1 Volume of insulation m3 11 11 11 Density Ref (13) kg/m3 37 25 45 Mass kg 407 275 495 Waste 5% Assumption kg 427.35 288.75 519.75 Carbon coefficient Ref(14) kgco2/kg 3.43 2.09 1.12 Embodied CO2 kg co2e 1465.8105 603.4875 582.12 Boundary Ref(14) cradle to gate cradle to gate cradle to grave Transport of material Manufacturer website 200 miles from Kent by road 175 miles from Liverpool by road Non Transport Embodied CO2 kg co2e 19 19 0 Waste destination Ref(11) 90% landfill 100% landfill 50% landfill Waste mass kg 366.3 275 259.875 Waste Embodied CO2 kg co2e 3.19 3.48 1.7 Transport of waste Assumption miles 100 100 100 Transport waste Embodied CO2 kg co2e 0.2 0.2 0.2 Total waste Embodied CO2 kg co2e 3.39 3.68 1.9 Energy consumed Assumption Kwh 200 200 200 Plant CO2 emissions kg co2e 119 119 119 Project duration (days) Assumption 3 3 3 Travel CO2 emissions kg co2e 130 130 130 Total kg co2e 1737.2005 875.1675 833.02 2.4 Conclusion As it can be seen from the previews calculation, the highest embodied CO2 emission is Expanded Polystyrene because of the higher carbon coefficient and end-of-life issue. For that reason EP is out of consideration. Sheeps wool is natural source, absorbing and releasing moisture without decreasing its thermal insulating properties. However, it has more CO2 emissions than Rockwool which also take it out of thought. In addition to Rockwool has less embodied CO2 emissions, it has excellent thermal insulation with more flexibility to install. Mineral wool has also superior fire resistance as well as better acoustic properties. The Paris Agreement main page (2001) Available at: http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php (Accessed: 14 February 2017). DECC (2011), The Carbon Plan: Delivering Our Low Carbon Future, p.29. Department of Energy and Climate Change. Digest of United Kingdom energy statistics (DUKES). Available at: http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/ publications/dukes. 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Domestic energy fact file 2003,BRE BR 457. Bracknell, IHS BRE Press, 2003. K Albury J Anderson , 2011. Environmental Impact Of Insulation . BRE TRUST, 2011. 10 Government Website. 2007. Construction Carbon Calculator. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/environment-agency/about/procurement. [Accessed 28 February 2017]. http://jablite.co.uk. 2016. Jablite EPS . [ONLINE] Available at: http://jablite.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Jablite-EPS.pdf. [Accessed 28 February 2017]. Sheep Wool Insulation Premium. 2016. Sheep Wool. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.sheepwoolinsulation.ie/products/premium_insulation_technical.asp. [Accessed 28 February 2017]. Prof.Hammond Jones, Prof.G and C, 2011. The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE). 1st ed. UK: University of Bath Table (3) Full data of the development plan Current Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Overall Assignment Results Current New boiler Insulated Floor Insulated walls Insulated roof Minimising infiltration LED lighting PV panel UPVC Triple glazing UPVC door Dwelling volume (m ³) 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 Effective air change rate 1.2261 1.2261 1.2261 1.22614 1.2261 0.66878 0.6688 0.6688 0.66878 0.668784 Ventilation type 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d Fabric heat loss (W/K ) 309.66 309.66 213.77 130.25 123.37 123.37 123.37 123.37 84.28 82.28 Total fabric heat loss (W/K ) 339.06 339.06 243.17 159.65 152.77 152.77 152.77 152.77 113.68 111.68 HLP (W/m ²K ) 4.2377 4.2377 3.2917 2.46769 2.3998 1.99406 1.9941 1.9941 1.60841 1.588676 Heat gains from water heating, (kWh) 1489.6 1489.6 1489.6 1489.65 1489.6 1489.65 1489.6 1489.6 1489.65 1489.648 Average Internal gains (W) 485.09 485.09 485.09 485.085 485.09 485.085 468.49 468.49 468.494 468.4936 Average Solar gains (W) 339.96 339.96 339.96 339.956 339.96 339.956 339.96 339.96 254.967 254.9673 Mean Internal temperature (C °) 17.534 17.534 18.063 18.6402 18.695 19.0535 19.043 19.043 19.3723 19.39251 Space heating requirement in kWh2/m2/year 203.94 203.94 160.8 119.082 115.45 91.3375 92.201 92.201 72.9319 71.72854 Efficiency of main space heating system 1 (in %) 0.66 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Efficiency of water heater 0.66 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Fuel for water heating, kWh 4281.2 3139.5 3139.5 3139.54 3139.5 3139.54 3139.5 3139.5 3139.54 3139.544 Electricity for pumps, fans and electric keep-hot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Electricity for lighting (calculated in Appendix L) 284.43 284.43 284.43 284.428 284.43 284.428 85.328 85.328 85.3283 85.32833 Energy saving/generation technologies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2700 -2700 -2700 Average Fuel costs (p) 8.335 8.335 8.335 8.335 8.335 8.335 8.335 9.306 9.306 9.306 Additional standing charges 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 Total energy cost 1354.5 1050.7 <